International Journal of History

The Malabar Rebellion of 1921 represents one of the most contested episodes in the history of colonial India. While colonial narratives often portrayed it as a communal conflict, a closer examination reveals deeper agrarian and nationalist dimensions. Among its leaders, MP Narayana Menon occupies a unique space as a secular nationalist who bridged Hindu-Muslim divides and championed tenant rights against feudal exploitation. Popularly remembered as ‘Mappila Menon,’ his political life illustrates the complex interplay of class, caste, and religion in Kerala’s anti-colonial struggle. This paper revisits Narayana Menon’s role, examining his early life, tenant mobilization, alliance with Muslim leaders, participation in the rebellion, and his enduring legacy. It argues that Narayana Menon represented an underappreciated strand of secular, agrarian nationalism whose contributions remain vital for rethinking both the rebellion and Indian nationalism.