International Journal of History

This study explores the life, reign, and historical representation of Ashoka the Great (268–232 BCE), one of India’s most influential rulers. The primary objective is to analyze Ashoka’s transformation from a conqueror to a proponent of non-violence and Buddhism, emphasizing his governance, inscriptions, and contributions to religious tolerance. The research follows a qualitative historical approach, drawing data from literary sources, inscriptions, and scholarly analyses.

The study examines Ashoka’s early life, highlighting differing narratives regarding his ascension to the Mauryan throne. It details the Kalinga War, a pivotal event that led to his profound remorse and subsequent embrace of Buddhism. His reign is marked by widespread administrative reforms, the propagation of Dhamma (Righteous conduct), and extensive missionary activities, leading to the spread of Buddhism in South Asia and beyond. The research also investigates Ashoka’s religious policies, which, while prioritizing Buddhism, promoted religious tolerance. His rock and pillar edicts, written in Brahmi and Kharosthi scripts, provide valuable insights into his governance, ethical principles, and humanitarian outlook.