International Journal of History | Logo of History Journal
  • Printed Journal
  • Refereed Journal
  • Peer Reviewed Journal

International Journal of History

2025, Vol. 7, Issue 1, Part A

The socio-economic and educational impact of Buddhism on early Indian society, moving beyond the purely religious aspects: Its historical analysis and relevance in modern times


Author(s): Bhupendra Pratap Sabar

Abstract: This article explores the historical impact of Buddhism on the social and economic fabric of early Indian society. Emerging in the 6th century BCE as a response to the rigid Brahminical order, Buddhism introduced egalitarian principles that challenged the caste system and promoted inclusivity. The formation of monastic communities (Sanghas) provided a sanctuary for marginalized groups, including women and lower castes, fostering social mobility and ethical reform. Economically Buddhism played a pivotal role in the development of trade networks and urban centers, with monasteries functioning as hubs of learning and commerce. Royal patronage, notably by Emperor Ashoka, facilitated the spread of Buddhism and its integration into the socio-economic framework Emerging in the 6th century BCE during a period of political and urban growth, Buddhism offered a radical departure from the hierarchical structure of Vedic orthodoxy. Its emphasis on equality, compassion, and non-violence challenged the caste system and promoted inclusivity, creating a space for marginalized communities, including women and lower castes, to actively participate in social and religious life. The establishment of monastic institutions (Sanghas) served as centers of social reform, education, and cultural exchange. Economically, Buddhism catalyzed the development of trade networks by fostering connections between merchants and monastic communities, which often provided logistical and moral support for long-distance trade. Monasteries became hubs of commerce, supported by generous donations from kings, traders, and lay followers. The patronage of influential rulers, particularly Emperor Ashoka, institutionalized Buddhism and facilitated its spread across the Indian subcontinent and beyond. By analyzing historical sources, inscriptions, and archeological evidence, this article highlights how Buddhism transformed early Indian society and economy, leaving an enduring legacy on the subcontinent’s cultural and material history. This article examines the profound social and economic transformations brought about by Buddhism in early Indian society from a historical perspective.

DOI: 10.22271/27069109.2025.v7.i1a.347

Pages: 34-41 | Views: 76 | Downloads: 33

Download Full Article: Click Here

International Journal of History
How to cite this article:
Bhupendra Pratap Sabar. The socio-economic and educational impact of Buddhism on early Indian society, moving beyond the purely religious aspects: Its historical analysis and relevance in modern times. Int J Hist 2025;7(1):34-41. DOI: 10.22271/27069109.2025.v7.i1a.347
International Journal of History
Call for book chapter