International Journal of History

The beginning of Indian history emerged with the Indus Valley civilisation or the Harappan civilisation between 3500-1700B.C. One of the world’s oldest civilisations appeared in the Indus basin. It was called an urban civilisation with a drainage system, citadel and much more. The belief that the Harappans were pre-Aryans cannot be proven because the civilisation had no history of warfare, unlike the Aryans. Dams were made for storing water and for precaution against floods. It is to be noted that there was no evidence of canals for irrigation. According to historians, the flood was one of the reasons for the decline of the Indus Valley.

The fact that they lived for a long time proves their unique way of living. But what led to the decline of the Indus Valley Civilisation? Many factors led to its demise. Still, it was not sudden, their lack of flexibility and non-changeable attributes may have led to the end, and a phase came where the Indus moved to different parts of the world, leaving the civilisation with many unanswered questions.